International Experiences in the Field of Investing in Natural Gas and the Possibility of its Benefiting in Iraq

Abstract

This research conducted a qualitative study by analysing the experiences of the selected countries of Qatar, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Russia, and Algeria in developing their natural gas sector. The goal was to formulate strategic recommendations for Iraq to optimise its gas ecosystem using global lessons adapted locally. Using the grounded theory approach, this study draws inductive insights from secondary data and expert interviews to determine the critical success factors, practices, and policies that enable some countries to productively invest in the gas industry as an engine for economic development. Specific aspects analysed included domestic exploitation, export potentials, sustainability practices, bilateral energy relations, infrastructure capabilities, and regulatory efficiency. Qualified by the different performance of countries in these parameters, this study outlined principles and planning considerations for optimal and context-specific mapping. This analysis showed how leading gas economies have invested significantly in production infrastructure and distribution networks to prioritise domestic consumption while gradually developing exports by leveraging geopolitical partnerships.  The changing global landscape requires agile but strategic policies that balance energy security, economic efficiency, and sustainability. For Iraq, the implications include the rapid expansion of gas infrastructure to serve households and industries before selectively entering export markets, obtaining technologies for efficient use of gas resources, strengthening legal institutions and acquiring local expertise through international cooperation, maintaining appropriate internal pricing, prudent participation in regional energy linkages and embedding environmental stewardship through production modernisation. Consistent pursuit of these goals can transform Iraq's economy in the next decade.