المستوى الخامس للقيادة وانعكاساتها في التحول الرقمي دراسة استطلاعية لعينة من الكوادر الطبية في المستشفيات الخاصة في مدينة اربيل

[1] Abdul Rahman, A. A., Esa, Y. N. Y., & Ahmad, N. A. (2024). The effectiveness of digital transformation on organizational performance: A literature review. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Management Practices, 7(25), 215 224. https://doi.org/10.35631/IJEMP.725018

[2] Ahmed. Hivi Khalid & Dlovan A. Salman,(2025),The Role of Transcendent Leadership on reinforcing Organizational Wisdom: An Exploratory Study of Teachers’ Perceptions in International Schools in Duhok Governorate, Journal of Administration and Economics, Mustansiriyah Uni ,Vol. (50) No. 149, https://doi.org/10.31272/jae.i149.1409

[3] Al-Baz, A., & Adnan, M. (2018). Digital transformation in organizations: The digital business model and innovative service management. Journal of Modern Management, 12(3), 55–78.

[4] Alsahmah, M. M., & Alshammari, S. A. (2025). Impact of digital transformation on healthcare accessibility in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review. International Journal of Pharmacy Research & Technology (IJPRT), 15(1), 390–399. Retrieved from https://ijprt.org/index.php/pub/article/view/391

[5] Brysch.A, (2019), Digital Transformation in the Tourism Sector challenges and Opportunities, University of Seville, Spain . Development Perspective in Two Unrelated Companies. (Unpublished master’s thesis). University of Seville, Spain.

[6] Caldwell, C., Ichiho, R., & Anderson, V. (2017). Understanding level 5 leaders: The ethical perspectives of leadership humility. Journal of Management Development, 36(5), 724–732. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-09-2016-0184

[7] Collins, J. (2001). Level 5 leadership: The triumph of humility and fierce resolve. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://www.jimcollins.com/concepts/level-five-leadership.html

[8] Darweesh Snahwit. S.& Dawoda. Range M.,2023, Level five of leadership and its role in achieving organizational well-being, Humanities Journal of University of Zakho, Vol. 11 No.1), 1–19, https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.1.912

[9] Esgandari, Karim and Ramazani, Mojtaba and Goli, Samaneh, (2018), Investigating the Impact of Managers Personal Branding on Building Level Five Leaders (Case Study of Government Banks), Journal of Marketing Management, / Issue 39 / Summer 1

[10] Ever, M. (2021). Leadership humility and organizational effectiveness. Journal of Leadership Studies, 15(3), 45–58.

[11] Gupta, A., George, G., & Fewer, T. J. (2024). Venture meets mission: Aligning people, purpose, and profit to innovate and transform society. Stanford Business Books.

[12] Hair, J. F., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Black, W. C. (2022). Multivariate data analysis (9th ed.). Cengage Learning.

[13] Kouzes, J. M., & Posner, B. Z. (2023). The leadership challenge (7th ed.). Wiley.

[14] Lahmari, A. (2025). The contribution of digital transformation in improving the quality of healthcare services: Comparative study of healthcare institutions in Khenchela. Journal of Khenchela Healthcare Research, 11(1), 509–525. Retrieved from https://asjp.cerist.dz/en/article/266197

[15] Leite, C. M., Figueiredo, P. S., Maravilhas-Lopes, S., & Passos, F. U. (2024). Conceptualizing and measuring the digital transformation: a proposal for a measurement model. Cadernos Ebape.Br. https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-395120230081x

[16] Loup, R., & Luedi, M. M. (2019). Leadership in anesthesia: The importance of humility and responsibility. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology, 32(6), 780–784.

[17] Musahid, F. N., Fawzi, F. S., Maghfuriyah, A., Hertin, R. D., Wijaya, H., Anjara, F., Nugroho, F., Listiana, N., & Istiqomah, N. A. (2024). Digital Transformation: A Strategic Imperative for Modern Enterprises. Journal of Economics, Assets, and Evaluation. https://doi.org/10.47134/jeae.v2i1.456

[18] Niemi, E. (2017). The impact of technology on the strategic management of a knowledge-intensive project: Organization action design research of a competence management system (Doctoral dissertation, Aalto University, Publication Series Doctoral Dissertations 193/2017).

[19] Petersen, Laura Ruth, (2018), Master’s in Social Science in service Management (Cand.soc.sem), Department of Social Science (Master’s thesis, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark)15, May 2018

[20] Qiao, G., Li, Y., & Hong, A. (2024). The strategic role of digital transformation: Leveraging digital leadership to enhance employee performance and organizational commitment. Systems, 12(11), 457. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12110457

[21] Riaz, S., Xu, Y., & Hussain, S. (2025). Strategic leadership capabilities and decision quality: Evidence from emerging economies. Management Decision, 63(1), 102–118.

[22] Shakir. Renas Abbabker & Dawoda. Range M. Nori ,2026, The Role of Responsible Leadership in Achieving High-PerformanceRequirements:An Analytical Study of the Opinions of a Sample of Administrative Unit Managers in Private Universities in Kurdistan,Iraq, Journal of Administration and Economics, Mustansiriyah Uni. Vol. 51 No. (151), https://doi.org/10.31272/jae.i151.1517

[23] Sharma, I., Dhiman, R., & Srivastava, V. (2024). Effective leadership and organization’s market success. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003415565

[24] Sndi. Siyaband Qadir Mohammad & Range M. Nori Dawoda , 2025, The Role of Digital Readiness in Adopting Artificial Intelligence Requirements: An Exploratory Study among Administrative Leaders in Private Universities in Kurdistan Iraq, Journal of Administration and Economics, Mustansiriyah Uni ,Vol. (50) No. 149, https://doi.org/10.31272/jae.i149.1410

[25] Susanti, N., Anwar, C., & Fatimah, S. (2023). Digital transformation, employee engagement, and organizational performance: Evidence from the service industry. Heliyon, 9(8), e17654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17654

[26] Zhang, P., & Wang, Y. (2024). Digital transformation: A systematic review and bibliometric analysis. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.19817.