Tourism in Holy Cities and its impact on Economies Activity Kadimya As Example
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31272/jae.i136.1158Keywords:
: Tourism, holy cities, economic activity, the city of KadhimiyaAbstract
Tourism has become a contemporary civilized phenomenon which attracts the attention whether by the individuals or the governments, it helps to provide a good work income opportunities and it contributes in distributing development facilities across the country, which means raising the constructional and cultural level. Tourism development gains a special importance especially through the flow of the investment of foreign turnovers in tourism projects and through the scientific uses of the natural resources.
The aim of this research is to shed the light upon several concepts including the concept of tourism and the essence of the religious tourism and its importance as well as the concepts of the holy cities or the cities of shrines, and the essence of tourism development and its impact to increase tourism spending amount in addition to the concept of tourism service which provides the tourist with comfort and touring facilities and other concepts which fall within the context of the research. In the practical side of the research and to reach its aims, the city of al-Kadimiya is tackled as a sample of the religious holy cities, where the city in many restaurants and hotels and their numbers if visitors and the total achieved income of the tourism activity during the period from 2004 to 2013 through the repeated revisions to a number of governmental and semi-governmental institutes, the sample of multiple falling is also used to achieve to verify the research hypothesis and finding the main factors which affect to increase the earned income of the religious tourism in the holy city of al-Kadymiya. The results of the statistical analysis show that all the visitors contribute to achieve income out of the religious tourism. At the end of the research many conclusions and recommendations we are research benefit.
References
أﺤﻤد ﻓوزي ﻤﻠوﺨﯿﺔ ، اﻟﺘﻨﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺤﯿﺔ ، دار اﻟﻔﻛر اﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ، ط1 ، ﻤﺼر ، ٢٠٠٧ .
أﺤﻤد ﻤﺠﯿد ﺤﻤﯿد اﻟدﻟﯿﻤﻲ ، ﺘطوﯿر اﻟﺨدﻤﺎت واﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﯿﺎت اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺤﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎء اﻟﻤداﺌن وأﺜرﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻨﻤﯿﺔ اﻟطﻠب اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺤﻲ ، اﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺼرﯿﺔ ، ﺒﻐداد ، ٢٠٠٤ .
أﺤﻤد ﻤﺎﻫر وﻋﺒد اﻟﺴﻼم أﺒو ﻗﺤف ، اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂت اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺤﯿﺔ واﻟﻔﻨدﻗﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼر ، اﻟﻤﻛﺘب اﻟﻌرﺒﻲ اﻟﺤدﯿث اﻻﺴﻛﻨدرﯿﺔ ١٩٩٩.
إﻨﻌﺎم داوود ﺤﻨﺎ ، اﻟﺘﺨطﯿط ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺤﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌراق ، رﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﯿر ﻤﻘدﻤﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻹدارة واﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺼرﯿﺔ ، ١٩٨٠ .
أﻛرم ﻋﺒد اﻟرﺤﻤن ﻋﺒد اﻟﻛرﯿم ، وﻗت اﻟﻔراغ وأﺜرﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻨﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﻨﺸﺎطﺎت اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺤﯿﺔ واﻟﺘرﻓﯿﻬﯿﺔ ، رﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﯿر ﻤﻘدﻤﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻹدارة واﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد ، اﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺼرﯿﺔ ، ﻗﺴم اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺤﺔ وٕادارة اﻟﻔﻨﺎدق ٢٠٠١ .
ﺒرﻛﺎت ﻛﺎﻤل اﻟﺘﻤر اﻟﻤﻬدات ، اﻟﺠﻐراﻓﯿﺔ اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺤﯿﺔ ، اﻻﻗﺎﻟﯿم اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺤﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟم ، دار اﻟوراق ﻟﻠﻨﺸر واﻟﺘوزﯿﻊ ، ط١ ٢٠١١.
ﺒﻨﯿﺎﻤﯿن ﺴﻌد و ﻤﺤﻤد ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ، اﻟﺘﺨطﯿط اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺤﻲ ، ﻋﻤﺎن ، دار اﻟﻀﯿﺎء ﻟﻠﻨﺸر ،١٩٩٩.
ﺠﻠﯿل اﻟﻌطﯿﺔ ، "ﺠرﯿدة اﻟﺸرق اﻷوﺴط"، اﻟﻌدد (٦٣٤٣) ، ﻟﻨدن ١٩٩٦.
ﺠﻤـــﺎل ﺤﻤــــدان ، اﻟﻤدﯿﻨــــﺔ اﻟﻌرﺒﯿــــﺔ ، ﻤﻌﻬــــد اﻟدراﺴــــﺎت اﻟﻌرﺒﯿـــﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯿــــﺔ ، ﺠﺎﻤﻌــــﺔ اﻟــــدول اﻟﻌرﺒﯿــــﺔ ، ﻤطﺒﻌــــﺔ اﻟﺠﺒﻼوي ،١٩٦٤.
ﺤﻤﯿـد ﻋﺒـد اﻟﻨﺒـﻲ اﻟطـﺎﺌﻲ ، اﺼـول ﻨﺸـر واﻟﺘوزﯿـﻊ ،ﺼـﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺴـﯿﺎﺤﺔ ، ﻤؤﺴﺴـﺔ اﻟـوراق ﻟﻠﻨﺸـر واﻟﺘوزﯿـﻊ عمان 2009.
دوﻟﻲ ﺴﻌﺎد و ﻓورﯿدي ﻤﺤﻤد ، ﻨﺤو ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺴﯿﺎﺤﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اطﺎر رؤﯿﺔ ﺘﻨﻤوﯿﺔ ﻤﺴﺘداﻤﺔ وﻤﺴؤوﻟﺔ ﻟﻤﻠﺘﻘﻰ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﻟث ﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﺸﺎر ، اﻟﺠزاﺌر ، ﺸﺒﺎط ٢٠١١.
زﯿﻨب ﺼﺎدق ﻤﺼطﻔﻰ ، (إدارة اﻟﻤﻛوﻨﺎت اﻻﺴﺘراﺘﯿﺠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﯿﺎﺤﺔ وﺘﺄﺜﯿرﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺴﯿﺎﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻤﯿﻊ) الﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺼرﯿﺔ ،ﺒﻐداد ٢٠٠٧.
ﺴﻌد زﻏﻠول ﺒﺸﯿر، "دﻟﯿﻠك اﻟﻰ اﻟﺒرﻨﺎﻤﺞ اﻻﺤﺼﺎﺌﻲ spss ،اﻟﻤﻌﻬد اﻟﻌرﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﺘدرﯿب واﻟﺒﺤوث اﻻﺤﺼﺎﺌﯿﺔ 2002.
ﺼﺒﺎح ﻤﺤﻤود ﻤﺤﻤد ، ﻨﻌﻤﺎن دﻫش ، ازاد ﻤﺤﻤد اﻤﯿن ، ﻤﻘدﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻐراﻓﯿﺔ اﻟﺴﯿﺎﺤﯿﺔ ﻤﻊ دراﺴﺔ ﺘطﺒﯿﻘﯿﺔ ﻋن اﻟﻘطر اﻟﻌراﻗﻲ ، ﺒﻐداد ١٩٨٠ .
ﻤﺜﻨﻰ طﻪ اﻟﺤوري و اﺴﻤﺎﻋﯿل ﻤﺤﻤد ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟدﺒﺎغ ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯿﺎت اﻟﺴﻔر واﻟﺴﯿﺎﺤﺔ ، ﻋﻤﺎن ﻤؤﺴﺴﺔ الوراق 2001
ﺼــطﻔﻰ ﻋﺒـــﺎس اﻟﻤوﺴــوي ، اﻟﻌواﻤـــل اﻟﺘﺎرﯿﺨﯿـــﺔ ﻟﻨﺸــﺄة وﺘطـــور اﻟﻤـــدن اﻹﺴــﻼﻤﯿﺔ ، دار اﻟرﺸـــﯿد ﻟﻠﻨﺸـــر، اﻟطﺒﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ ، ﺒﻐداد ،١٩٨٢ .
ﻤﺤﻤــد اﺒــراﻫﯿم ﻏــزﻻن ، ﻤـــوﺠز ﻓــﻲ اﻟﻌﻼﻗــﺎت اﻻﻗﺘﺼــﺎدﯿﺔ اﻟدوﻟﯿـــﺔ وﺘــﺎرﯿﺦ اﻟﻔﻛــر اﻻﻗﺘﺼــﺎدي اﻻﺴـــﻛﻨدرﯿﺔ ﻤﺼر، دار اﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺎت اﻟﻤﺼرﯿﺔ ، ﺴﻨﺔ 1975 .
ﻋﺒد اﻟﺠواد ﺤﺴن اﻟﺴﺎﻋدي ، رﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﯿر، ﻤﻘدﻤﻪ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﻬد اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺨطﯿط اﻟﺤﻀري واﻹﻗﻠﯿﻤﻲ ، ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﻐداد ( ﺘﻘوﯿم دراﺴﺎت اﻟﺘطوﯿر واﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻟﻠﻤﻨطﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﯿطﺔ ﺒﺼﺤن اﻟﻛﺎظﻤﻲ اﻟﺸرﯿف واﻟﺘوﺠﻬﺎت اﻟﻤطﻠوﺒﺔ) ١٩٩٢ .
ﻟﻌﺘﯿﺒـــﻲ ، ﻋﺒﯿـــر ﺴــــرور ، اﻟﺴـــﯿﺎﺤﺔ واﻟﺘــــروﯿﺢ ﻓـــﻲ دوﻟـــﺔ اﻟﻛوﯿــــت ، ﻤﺠﻠـــﺔ دراﺴــــﺎت اﻟﺨﻠـــﯿﺞ واﻟﺠزﯿــــرة اﻟﻌرﺒﯿﺔ ، اﻟﻌدد ١٠٧، ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ٢٠٠٢.
مؤﯿد ﺴﻌﯿد ، اﻟﻤدن واﻟدﯿﻨﯿﺔ واﻟﻤﻌﺎﺒد، ﺒﺤث ﻤﻨﺸور ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎب ( اﻟﻤدﯿﻨﺔ واﻟﺤﯿﺎة اﻟﻤدﻨﯿﺔ) اﻟﺠزء اﻷول ، دار اﻟﺤرﯿﺔ ﻟﻠطﺒﺎﻋﺔ ، ﺒﻐداد ،1988.
ﻨﻌﻤﺔ اﷲ ﻨﺠﯿب اﺒراﻫﯿم، أﺴس ﻋﻠم اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎد... ﻤؤﺴﺴﺎت ﺸﺒﺎب اﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ، اﻻﺴﻛﻨدرﯿﺔ ، ﻋﺎم 2000.
ﻫوﺸﯿﺎر ﻤﻌروف، دراﺴﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻨﻤﯿﺔ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯿﺔ( اﺴﺘراﺘﯿﺠﯿﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿﻊ واﻟﺘﺤول اﻟﻬﯿﻛﻠﻲ) ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ اﻟﺒﻠﻘﺎء اﻟﺘطﺒﯿﻘﯿﺔ دار اﻟﺼﻔﺎء ﻟﻠﻨﺸر2005.